Over the last years a large growth in Electric Vehicles (EV) and charging infrastructure (CI) development has been observed. Particularly in metropolitan areas this growth has led to a system in which multitudes of interactions between EV users take place. While many researchers have focused on EV user charging behavior and deployment strategies for CI, little attention has been paid to conceptualizing the problem domain. This research provides a brief overview of complex systems theory, and derives six characterizing elements of complex systems that may be applicable for CI. The paper investigates both theoretically but also empirically how these characterizing elements apply for CI and provides implications for the further roll-out of CI for both policy makers and researchers. We illustrate our findings with preliminary results form ongoing research. Recommendations include the further development of simulation tools that are capable of exploring effects of e.g. non-linear behavior, feedback loops and emergence of new patterns on CI performance. In the end this paper aims to provide directions to enable policy makers to be better prepared for the anticipated exponential growth of EVs and CI.
MULTIFILE
20-05-2019
Residential public charging points are shared by multiple electric vehicle drivers, often neighbours. Therefore, charging behaviour is embedded in a social context. Behaviours that affect, or are influenced by, other publiccharging point users have been sparsely studied and lack an overarching and comprehensive definition. Consequently, very few measures are applied in practice to influence charging behaviour. We aim to classify and define the social dimension of charging behaviour from a social-psychological perspective and, using a behaviour change framework, identify and analyse the measures to influence this behaviour. We interviewed 15 experts onresidential public charging infrastructure in the Netherlands. We identified 17 charging behaviours rooted in interpersonal interactions between individuals and interactions between individuals and technology. These behaviours can be categorised into prosocial and antisocial charging behaviours. Prosocial charging behaviour provides or enhances the opportunity for other users to charge their vehicle at the public charging point, for instance by charging only when necessary. Antisocial charging behaviour prevents or diminishes this opportunity, for instance by occupying the charging point after charging, intentionally or unintentionally. We thenidentified 23 measures to influence antisocial and prosocial charging behaviours. These measures can influence behaviour through human–technology interaction, such as providing charging etiquettes to new electric vehicle drivers or charging idle fees, and interpersonal interaction, such as social pressure from other charging point users or facilitating social interactions to exchange requests. Our approach advocates for more attention to the social dimension of charging behaviour.
The use of the word “social” in the context of information technology goes back to the very beginnings of cybernetics. It later pops up in the 1980s context of “groupware.” The recent materialist school of Friedrich Kittler and others dismissed the use of the word “social” as irrelevant fluff – what computers do is calculate, they do not interfere in human relations. Holistic hippies, on the other hand, have ignored this cynical machine knowledge and have advanced a positive, humanistic view that emphasizes computers as tools for personal liberation. This individualistic emphasis on interface design, usability, and so on was initially matched with an interest in the community aspect of computer networking. Before the “dot-com” venture capitalist takeover of the field in the second half of the 1990s, progressive computing was primarily seen as a tool for collaboration among people.
In recent years, ArtEZ has worked on a broadly supported strategic research agenda on the themes New Ecologies of Matter (ecological challenges), Social Equity (social-societal issues), (Un)Learning Practices (educational innovations) and (Non)CybernEtic Fabric (technological developments). Building on these strategic themes, the ArtEZ Research Collective as developed an international research strategy to become a valuable partner in the relevant Horizon Europe (HEU) areas of Environment, Industry and Social science and humanities. With its specific knowledge position and approach from arts and creativity, ArtEZ is convinced that it can play a distinctive role in European consortia to tackle various challenges in these areas, in particular from the perspective and research topics of the professorships Fashion and Tactical Design. To achieve its ambitions and goals in its targeted research topics, ArtEZ is convinced that a combination of international connections and local applications is key for successful impact. Building upon existing relations and extending the international research position requires extra efforts, e.g., by developing a strong international framework of state-of-the-art research results, impacts and ambitions. Therefore ArtEZ needs to (further) build on both its international network and its supportive infrastructure. With this proposal ArtEZ is presenting its goals and efforts to work on its international recognition as a valuable research partner, and to broaden its international network in cutting-edge research and other stakeholders. With regards to its supporting infrastructure, ArtEZ has the ambition to expand the impact of the Subsidy Desk to become a professional partner to the professorships. This approach requires a further professionalization and extension of both the Subsidy Desk organization and its services, and developing and complementing skills, expertise and competences to comply to the European requirements.
Eerstelijns gesubsidieerde rechtshulp door professionals van Het Juridisch Loket (HJL) sluit niet goed aan op de behoeften van cliënten met multiproblematiek en hun dienstverlening sluit onvoldoende aan bij andere disciplines in het sociale domein. Daarom willen rechtshulpprofessionals van HJL samen met Hogeschool Utrecht, diverse professionals van gemeenten en organisaties voor maatschappelijke dienstverlening praktijkgericht onderzoek uitvoeren naar een integrale aanpak, waarmee cliënten met multiproblematiek doeltreffend kunnen worden gesignaleerd en ondersteund bij wat zij werkelijk nodig hebben. De vraag is of zo’n integrale aanpak implementeerbaar is, daadwerkelijk voorziet in oplossingen voor problemen van de doelgroep en hun rechtshulpvragen afnemen. In dit onderzoek wordt het vraagstuk van optimale dienstverlening door HJL, benaderd vanuit ‘klantwaarde’ ofwel de ‘opbrengsten van de dienstverlening’ voor de cliënt. Dit in de marketingwetenschap vergaand ontwikkeld concept leent zich goed voor vraagstukken in het publieke domein omdat hiermee het klantperspectief voorop wordt gesteld. Dat is in dienstverlening niet altijd vanzelfsprekend. Professionals van HJL kijken nog teveel door hun ‘juridische bril’ naar cliënten met multiproblematiek waardoor ‘andere’ problemen nauwelijks worden opgemerkt. Met dit project wordt getracht om professionals innovatieve methoden en instrumenten aan te reiken waarmee een goede inbedding van HJL in locale hulpverleningsinfrastructuren kan worden gerealiseerd. De centrale onderzoeksvraag in het project luidt: hoe kunnen eerstelijns rechtshulpprofessionals van HJL hun dienstverlening aan cliënten met multiproblematiek verbeteren? Het onderzoek wordt (deels) uitgevoerd in de vorm van een parallelle casestudie. Vestigingen van HJL en sociale netwerkpartners vormen de cases. Onderdeel van deze casestudie is dat van elkaars praktijken wordt geleerd door middel van een crosscase-analyse. Beoogde opbrengsten van het project zijn nieuwe kennis over cliënten met multiproblematiek, diagnostisch instrumentarium voor eerstelijns rechtshulpprofessionals, een nieuwe klantgerichte en integrale aanpak van dienstverlening en state-of-the-art onderwijsmateriaal. De projectopbrengsten worden in publicaties, workshops en conferenties gedissemineerd en geborgd in de juridische opleidingen aan Hogeschool Utrecht.
A world where technology is ubiquitous and embedded in our daily lives is becoming increasingly likely. To prepare our students to live and work in such a future, we propose to turn Saxion’s Epy-Drost building into a living lab environment. This will entail setting up and drafting the proper infrastructure and agreements to collect people’s location and building data (e.g. temperature, humidity) in Epy-Drost, and making the data appropriately available to student and research projects within Saxion. With regards to this project’s effect on education, we envision the proposal of several derived student projects which will provide students the opportunity to work with huge amounts of data and state-of-the-art natural interaction interfaces. Through these projects, students will acquire skills and knowledge that are necessary in the current and future labor-market, as well as get experience in working with topics of great importance now and in the near future. This is not only aligned with the Creative Media and Game Technologies (CMGT) study program’s new vision and focus on interactive technology, but also with many other education programs within Saxion. In terms of research, the candidate Postdoc will study if and how the data, together with the building’s infrastructure, can be leveraged to promote healthy behavior through playful strategies. In other words, whether we can persuade people in the building to be more physically active and engage more in social interactions through data-based gamification and building actuation. This fits very well with the Ambient Intelligence (AmI) research group’s agenda in Augmented Interaction, and CMGT’s User Experience line. Overall, this project will help spark and solidify lasting collaboration links between AmI and CMGT, give body to AmI’s new Augmented Interaction line, and increase Saxion’s level of education through the dissemination of knowledge between researchers, teachers and students.
